The archaeology of the Roman period within the study area is dominated by the World Heritage Site of Frontiers of the Roman Empire: Hadrian's Wall, which is statutorily protected as…

An assemblage of 53 sherds of Grooved Ware pottery was placed within a small pit or shallow scoop excavated through the palaeochannel deposits, probably during the Late Neolithic, sometime after the wooden platform was…

Towards the northern part of the palaeochannel at Stainton West, at the level of the Early Neolithic wooden platform, a collapsed hurdle fence comprising hazel withies, woven between stakes of alder wood, stretched westwards from the east bank…

Five individual burnt mounds were identified on the Stainton West site.

In the lowest part of the palaeochannel at Stainton West was an organic-rich layer containing large quantities of waterlogged wood. A wide variety of different species of tree were represented including (in order…

At the Stainton West site, one large trunk or bough of oak wood at the lower, Mesolithic levels within the palaeochannel bore some strange markings. In one spot, it had…

Several beads were recovered during the sieving operations at Stainton West. It seems quite likely that two stone beads, one effectively a perforated pebble and a second stone bead, apparently much more finely…

Four stone axes were recovered by the excavation at Stainton West, three of these axes were manufactured from Langdale tuff, which is derived from Lake District sources, and one was…

 A relatively large number of what are probably Neolithic arrowheads were retrieved from the Palaeochannel and the scatter of lithic material adjacent to it. These took two principal forms: leaf-shaped and chisel-ended…